USGA article on reading greens

Here is a great article from a USGA agronomist on how to read greens.

AN AGRONOMIST'S VIEW ON HOW TO READ GREENS By Brian Whitlark, agronomist, Southwest Region

 

Putting greens on golf courses built before the modern era of course construction tend to slope with the general lay of the land.   Golf analysts often comment during weekend telecasts that the greens are getting firmer and faster throughout the day, especially if conditions are dry and windy. Other remarks may refer to the greens breaking toward a particular topographic feature, such as a lake, ocean or valley. Viewers may also hear broadcasters assert that recent rains have slowed the pace of the greens. Other analysts will claim that the grain on the greens grows in the direction of the setting sun, thus the ball roll will tend to break toward the west.    Through experience conducting USGA Green Section Course Consulting Service visits and leading agronomic preparations for USGA amateur and open championships, USGA agronomists have gained a scientific and practical understanding of the often misunderstood characteristics of putting greens. The objective of this article is to share our observations that ultimately may help the everyday golfer read greens with more confidence.   How does green speed, grain and break affect playing conditions? What are the most common misconceptions?     Read More